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Q: What icons need to be included in an iOS Application, Apple Watch Application, iMessage Application, or Sticker Pack Application?

A: Below are guidelines for handling icon files for iPhone-only apps, iPad-only apps, universal apps, Apple Watch apps, and iMessage extensions. If you are building an iMessage Application or Sticker Pack Application, you must include icons for both the containing application and the iMessage extension.

If you don't provide artwork for one of the listed optional icons, the system will automatically scale one of your existing icon images to an appropriate size. It is strongly recommended that your application include artwork for all the icons listed, at the specific sizes needed.

Prior to iOS 3.2, icon images for iPhone applications were required to follow a strict naming convention. These legacy names are still listed in the tables below along with example names for the more recent icons. Except for iTunesArtwork, icon images included in your app can have arbitrary names.

Note: All icon images must be in PNG format. Icon images may include an alpha channel but should not include any transparent regions.

iOS ignores the PPI (Pixels Per Inch) of icon images. You may author your icon images at any PPI but their width and height, as measured in pixels, must match the values in the tables below.

Important: iTunesArtwork icon images should be in png format, but name them without the .png extension.

Icons for iPhone-only Applications

iPhone-only applications use the following icons. Items marked with 'Required' must be included.

Note: You should include images for the iPad-specific icons even if the application is not a universal app. If available, they will be used when the application is installed on an iPad.

In addition to the above icons, iPhone-only applications with a deployment target of iOS 6.1 or earlier use the following icons. Items marked with 'Required' must be included if the application's deployment target is iOS 6.1 or earlier.

You can include distinct images for the iPhone and iPad icons in categories where the required sizes are equivalent, for example, Settings.

Icons for iPad-only Applications

iPad-only applications use the following icons. Items marked with 'Required' must be included.

In addition to the above icons, iPad-only applications with a deployment target of iOS 6.1 or earlier use the following icons. Items marked with 'Required' must be included if the application's deployment target is iOS 6.1 or earlier.

Icons for Universal Applications

Universal applications use the following icons. Items marked with 'Required' must be included.

In addition to the above icons, universal applications with a deployment target of iOS 6.1 or earlier use the following icons. Items marked with 'Required' must be included if the application's deployment target is iOS 6.1 or earlier.

You can include distinct images for the iPhone and iPad icons in categories where the required sizes are equivalent, for example, Settings.

Icons for Watch Applications

Watch applications use the following icons. Items marked with 'Required' must be included.

Important: Icons for Watch applications must be added to the Watch App target. Do not add Watch icons to the iOS app target or the Watch Extension target.

Icons for iMessage Extensions

iMessage extensions and Sticker Pack extensions use the following icons. Items marked with 'Required' must be included.

Important: These icons must be added to the iMessages extension or Sticker Pack extension target.

Adding Icons to an iOS Application

Asset catalogs are the preferred way to manage your application's icons. New projects are configured to use asset catalogs by default. If you have an older project, see Migrating an iOS App Icon Set to learn how to move existing app icons and launch images into an asset catalog. If you prefer not to use asset catalogs, or if you must support iOS 4.3, you can manually configure your application's icons by editing the information property list for your application. See Configuring Icons Without an Asset Catalog.

Adding Icon Images to an Asset Catalog

1. Select the asset catalog in the project navigator. It is named Assets.xcassets for new projects, or Images.xcassets for migrated projects, by default.

2. From the set outline view (left column), select the app icon set. For new or migrated projects it will be named 'AppIcon'. You may need to create an icon set by clicking the (+) button in the bottom left corner of the editor and choosing App Icons and Launch Images > New iOS App Icon from the context menu.

The set will only contain image wells for icons that are relevant depending upon the project's configuration at the time the asset catalog was created. If an image well is missing, expand the attributes inspector and select the appropriate options from the pull-down menus under the App Icon section, depending upon the project's deployment target and supported devices.

1. Drag images from the Finder onto each image well to configure the associated icon.

Asset catalogs create a copy of images added to them. If you had previously added the images as resources to your project you can safely remove them.

1. Configure your application to use the new icon set.

2. 1. Select the project in the project navigator.

   2. Select the application target from the list in the left column of the project editor.

   3. Switch to the General pane at the top of the project editor.

   4. Select the app icon set from the App Icons Source popup menu under the App Icons And Launch Images section.

Migrating an iOS App Icon Set

Simplify image management by moving existing app icons into an asset catalog.

1. In the project navigator, select your target.

2. Open the General pane, and scroll to the App Icons and Launch Images section.

3. Click the Use Asset Catalog button next to the App Icons Source label.

1. Configure any options in the dialog. To choose a different asset catalog or to create a new one, click on the pop-up menu. Choose an existing asset catalog or choose New Asset Catalog to create a new one. The menu is shown when there is at least one asset catalog in the project.

2. Click the Migrate button. If there is no asset catalog or if you selected New Asset Catalog from the pop-up menu, you will be prompted to create one. Canceling creation of the new asset catalog will cancel the migration.

The icons are migrated to the new or existing asset catalog.

Configuring Icons Without an Asset Catalog

1. Follow the steps in the Xcode Help to add each icon image to your project as a resource.

2. Locate the target's information property list in the project navigator. By default it will be named Info.plist. Command click on it and choose Open As > Source Code from the context menu.

As of iOS 5.0, icons are specified by including the CFBundleIcons key. Older applications may have previously specified their icons by including the CFBundleIconFiles key. This key should be removed if it is still present (don't forget to remove any device specific variants too). All applications should migrate to the CFBundleIcons key to specify their icons.

The value for the CFBundleIcons key is a dictionary with two child keys: CFBundlePrimaryIcon and UINewsstandIcon. The UINewsstandIcon key is for newsstand apps and can otherwise be omitted. The value for the CFBundlePrimaryIcon key is a dictionary that identifies the icon images associated with the bundle. It may contain two child keys: CFBundleIconFiles and UIPrerenderedIcon. The value for the UIPrerenderedIcon key is a boolean that specifies whether the images already incorporate a shine effect. The value for CFBundleIconFiles key is an array of strings, each identifying an image in the bundle.

Important: When specifying the name of each image, it is best to omit any extensions. Omitting the extension lets the system automatically detect high-resolution (@2x or @3x) variants of the image using the standard-resolution image filename. If you include extensions, you must specify all image files (including the high-resolution variants) explicitly.

Listing 1 Example configuration for a universal app.

If your application supports iOS 4.3 you must also include the CFBundleIconFiles key to specify the application's icon images. The value for this key is an array of strings, each identifying an image in the bundle. If you have included images for the iPad-specific icons, you may either list them under the CFBundleIconFiles key, or you may list them under the device specific CFBundleIconFiles~ipad key. iPad-only applications should list their icon images under the CFBundleIconFiles key.

Listing 2 Example configuration for a universal app with deployment target of iOS 4.3.

Adding Icons to a Watch Application

Asset catalogs are the preferred way to manage your Watch application's icons. New projects are configured to use asset catalogs by default.

Adding Icon Images to an Asset Catalog

1. Select the asset catalog in the project navigator. It is named Images.xcassets by default.

2. From the left column of the editor, select the icon set. For new it will be named 'AppIcon'. You may need to create an icon set by clicking the (+) button in the bottom left corner of the editor and choosing 'New App Icon' from the context menu.

By default, the set will only contain image wells for watch icons. If image wells for iOS app icons are present, expand the attributes inspector and select the appropriate options from the pull-down menus under the App Icon section.

1. Drag images from the Finder onto each image well to configure the associated icon.

Asset catalogs create a copy of images added to them. If you had previously added the images as resources to your project you can safely remove them.

1. Configure the Watch application to use the new icon set.

2. 1. Select the project in the project navigator.

   2. Select the Watch App target from the list in the left column of the project editor.

   3. Switch to the General pane at the top of the project editor.

   4. Select the icon set from the App Icons Source popup menu under the App Icons section.

Adding Icons to an iMessage Extension

Asset catalogs are the preferred way to manage iMessage extension and Sticker Pack extension icons. New projects are configured to use asset catalogs by default.

Adding Icon Images to an Asset Catalog

1. Select the asset catalog in the project navigator. It is named Assets.xcassets by default.

2. From the set outline view (left column), select the app icon set. It is named 'iMessage App Icon' by default. You may need to create an icon set by clicking the (+) button in the bottom left corner of the editor and choosing App Icons and Launch Images > New Messages Extension Icon from the context menu.

1. Drag images from the Finder onto each image well to configure the associated icon.

1. Configure the extension to use the new icon set.

2. 1. Select the project in the project navigator.

   2. Select the iMessage extension or Sticker Pack extension target from the list in the left column of the project editor.

   3. Switch to the General pane at the top of the project editor.

   4. Select the icon set from the Sticker Icons Source popup menu under the App Icons section.

Troubleshooting

This section describes common problems and how to fix them.

Note: Before attempting further troubleshooting, perform a clean build of the application (Hold down the Option key and choose Product > Clean Build Folder, then Product > Build from the Xcode menu bar) and remove the app from the test device or simulator. Build the app again and attempt to reproduce the problem. You may also try clearing the contents of Xcode's derived data folder (~/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/) before building again.

[Asset Catalogs] Remove icon related keys from the information property list

If a target is using asset catalogs to manage its icons then its information property list should not include any icon related keys; they will be added at build time by the asset catalog compiler.

1. Open the information property list for the target. It can be found under the Info tab in the project editor or in the project navigator where it will likely be named either Info.plist or <ProductName>-Info.plist.

2. Remove the following keys, including device specific variations.

   • “Icon file” (CFBundleIconFile)

   • “Icon files” (CFBundleIconFiles)

   • CFBundleIcons

[Asset Catalogs] Verify that the asset catalog is associated with the target

If a target is using asset catalogs to manage its icons, verify that the asset catalog file is associated with the target and that the correct image set is selected for the target's App Icons Source.

1. Select the asset catalog in the project navigator.

2. In the utility panel, check the box next to the target under the Target Membership section as shown in Figure 12.

1. Select the project in the project navigator.

2. Select the target from the list in the left column of the project editor.

3. Switch to the General pane at the top of the project editor.

4. Verify that the name of the icon set is selected in the App Icons Source popup menu under the App Icons and Launch Images section as shown in Figure 4.

[Manual] Verify that all icon images are associated with the target

If a target is not using asset catalogs to manage its icons, verify that each of the icon images are associated with the target. Images that are not associated with the target are not copied into the target's bundle when it is built.

1. Select the icon image in the project navigator.

2. In the utility panel, check the box next to the target under the Target Membership pane as shown in Figure 13.

[Manual] Verify that the CFBundleIcons key is present in the information property list

If a target is not using asset catalogs to manage its icons, the information property list must contain the CFBundleIcons key to specify the application's icon images. See Configuring Icons Without an Asset Catalog.

Note: Older applications may have previously specified their application icons by including the CFBundleIconFiles key. You should migrate these applications to use the CFBundleIcons key instead.

[Manual] Verify that all images referenced by the CFBundleIcons key are present

If a target is not using asset catalogs to manage its icons, each of the entries under the CFBundleIcons key in the information property must reference at least one image in the app bundle. Remember that if you include filename extensions in the information property list, you must specify the names of all icon image files (including the high-resolution variants) explicitly.

Verify that all icon images are in PNG format, use a supported color model, and are the correct sizes

All icon images must be in PNG format and use a supported color model. Images that do not use the RGB color model may appear correctly in Xcode but will fail to load on the device. You can use the Preview application to inspect the format, color model, and size of an image.

1. Open the image in Preview

   • For an image inside of an asset catalog: Select the asset catalog in the project navigator, choose the image set containing the icons, select the image and choose File > Open with External Editor.

   • For an image not inside of an asset catalog: Select the image in the project navigator and choose File > Open with External Editor.

2. From the Preview menubar, choose Tools > Show Inspector.

3. The Inspector window opens

   • The value of the Document Type field shows the image format. It should be Portal Network Graphics image.

   • The value of the Image Size field shows the image size. It should match the size shown in the tabes above.

   • The value of the Color Model field shows the image size. It should be RGB.

If the Document Type is not a Portal Network Graphics image, use Preview to export a copy of the image in PNG format.

1. From the Preview menubar, choose File > Export.

2. Select PNG from the Format menu at the bottom of the save dialog.

3. Click the Save button.

4. Import the saved image into your Xcode project, replacing the original image.

The App Icon Set Has An Unassigned Child Molester

Repeat the above for all icon images.

The App Icon Set Has An Unassigned Child Policy

Validation Errors

There are multiple icon-related problems that will result in your application failing validation by Xcode or iTunes Connect. The underlying issue depends upon the error.

ITMS-90022/ITMS-90023: Missing required icon file

You have not included an image for one or more of the required icons, based on your application's supported devices and deployment target.

Refer to the tables above for the list of required icons. Verify that each of your icon images matches the size listed in the table.

If your application was recently migrated to use asset catalogs to manage its icons, verify that you have removed all icon-related keys from your application's information property list.

If your application is not using asset catalogs to manage its icons, verify that the CFBundleIcons key is present in your application's information property list, and all listed images are present in your application bundle.

ITMS-90032: Invalid Image Path

Your application's information property list references one or more icon images that were not included in the compiled bundle.

If your application is using asset catalogs to manage its icons, verify that you have removed all icon-related keys from your application's information property list.

If your application is not using asset catalogs to manage its icons, verify that all images referenced by the CFBundleIcons key in the application's information property list are present and are associated with the application target.

ITMS-90033: Invalid Image

One or more of your application's icon images is not a valid PNG file. Verify that all icon images are in PNG format, use a supported color model, and are the correct sizes.

ITMS-90647: Invalid (Messages) Image Asset

One or more of the icons in your iMessage extension or Sticker Pack extension contains transparent areas. Icons for iMessage extensions and Sticker Pack extensions must be opaque.

You can use the Preview app to check your image for transparent areas, which will appear dark grey as shown in Figure 17. Use your preferred graphics editing software to fill in the transparent areas with the desired background color.

ITMS-90649: Missing (Messages) App Icon

You have not included an image for one or more of the required icons in your iMessage extension or Sticker Pack extension, or one of your icons is not the correct size. Refer to the tables above for the list of required icons. Verify that each of your icon images matches the size listed in the table.

Icons for iMessage extensions and Sticker Pack Extensions must be added to the asset catalog associated with the iMessage extension or Sticker Pack extension target. See Adding Icons to an iMessage Extension.

Other Errors

Icons don't appear on the device

If the project is using asset catalogs to manage its icons, verify that the asset catalog is associated with the target.

If the project is not using asset catalogs to manage its icons, verify that all images referenced by the CFBundleIcons key in the application's information property list are present are associated with the application target, and are in a supported format.

A previous version of the icon appears on the device

Your testing device or simulator may have a partially outdated build. That is, Xcode failed to copy a modified resource to the app bundle it installed on the device as part of the build & run process. To force Xcode to copy the most recent resources from your project directory:

1. Remove the app from your testing device or simulator.

2. Clean the build directory. Hold down the Option key and choose Product > Clean Build Folder, then Product > Build from the Xcode menu bar

3. Build and run your app.

If your project is using asset catalogs then you must replace the modified image in the asset catalog. Asset catalogs do not track files on disk, opting instead to make a copy of the image at the time it is added to the asset catalog.

Messages App Icon Is Missing On iPad

Verify that you have included icons for all of the sizes listed in Table 8 in the iMessage extension or Sticker Pack extension target. See Adding Icons to an iMessage Extension.

In addition, open the information property list for the iMessage extension or Sticker Pack extension and remove all icon-related keys.

Icon has a black border

Your icon artwork includes rounded corners or transparent areas. iOS will automatically apply a mask that rounds the corners to each icon it displays on the Home screen. Do not inset your icon artwork and make sure your icon has 90° corners so it looks good after the mask is applied.

Icon has a black background in the App Store

The Large App Icon you uploaded to iTunes Connect includes transparent areas. The iTunes Connect Developer Guide lists the complete requirements for the Large App Icon, including that it must be opaque.

You can use the Preview app to check your image for transparent areas, which will appear dark grey as shown in Figure 17. Use your preferred graphics editing software to fill in the transparent areas with the desired background color.

The wrong icon appears in the App Store

The application bundle includes additional images which are being detected as valid icon images.

Note: Different icon images from the application's bundle, and the large app icon, are displayed in various contexts within the App Store. For example, the incorrect icon image may appear in the search results but not on your application's landing page.

You may encounter this issue if your icon images deviate from the naming convention shown in the above tables. If your application bundle also contains one or more images that match the naming convention in the tables above, these images may be detected as valid icon images by the App Store. This may occur regardless of whether those images are included in the asset catalog or are referenced by the application's information property list. The solution is to rename or remove the images.

You may encounter this issue when building an app using a third party development environment or if your project was created using a template project provided by a third party. Both will usually include a default set of icon images. If you fail to remove these images or replace all of them with your own artwork, the App Store may display them in the search results for your app. Like the iOS home screen, the icons displayed in the search results depend upon the current device. It is possible that the incorrect icon is shown in the search results on certain devices but not others.

The solution is to delete any instances of the template-provided icons that remain in your project and remove any references to the deleted files from the information property list. Due to the wide variety of ways in which iOS versions have allowed developers to specify app icons in the information property list, you may find it simpler and less error prone to remove all icon related keys from the information property list and then reconfigure your app's icons using the steps presented in Adding Icons to an iOS Application. See Start Over.

Start Over

If the none of the above solutions resolve the problem, follow the steps below to remove all the icons and icon related configuration from the application. Then follow the steps in Adding Icons to an iOS Application to re-configure the proper icons for the application.

Warning: Make sure you have a backup of your icon artwork at a location outside of your project directory.

Remove the Icon Set From Your Asset Catalog

1. Select the asset catalog in the project navigator. It is named Assets.xcassets or Images.xcassets by default.

2. From the set outline view (left column), control click the icon set and choose Remove Selected Items from the context menu. By default the icon set will be named 'AppIcon'.

Remove Icon Images From Your Project

Using the Xcode project navigator, remove any icon images from your project that were previously added to your project as resources. Icon images usually have a file name beginning with 'Icon' or 'AppIcon'.

Remove Icon Related Keys From The Information Property List

1. Open the information property list for your application. It can be found under the Info tab in the project editor or in the navigator where it will likely be named either YourApp-Info.plist or Info.plist.

2. Remove the following keys, including device specific variations.

   • “Icon file” (CFBundleIconFile)

   • “Icon files” (CFBundleIconFiles)

   • CFBundleIcons

Clean The Project

To remove any cached icons, clean your target. Choose Product > Clean from the menu bar.

Finally, follow the steps in Adding Icons to an iOS Application to re-configure the proper icons for the application.

Additional Resources

For additional information, see the App Icons section in the iOS App Programming Guide.

For information about designing your application's icons, see the App Icon section of the iOS Human Interface Guidelines.

For an example project with properly configured icons, see the Application Icons and Launch Images for iOS sample code.

Document Revision History

Copyright © 2016 Apple Inc. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Updated: 2016-12-20